A fork attacks two targets at once. Your opponent may save one, but the other often gets the bill.

A pinned piece cannot move safely because something more important is behind it. It wants to move, but the king says no.

A skewer puts the valuable piece in front. It runs away, and the piece behind it gets exposed.

A double attack creates two threats with one move. Simple, clean, and very annoying to defend.

A discovered attack appears when one piece moves and opens the line for another. The quiet piece was waiting all along.

The in-between move says: before I answer you, here is my threat. When it works, the whole position changes rhythm.

Deflection pulls a defender away. Attraction drags a piece onto the wrong square. Either way, the opponent helps your plan.